This article provides a detailed study of the texture evolution of Nb-1Zr alloy during friction stir processing (FSP). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used for orientation analysis to investigate the evolution of textures in different processing areas under different processing parameters, providing new insights into the flow state of materials based on local textures. Based on the research results, we have established a more accurate model to describe the shear plane of FSP Nb-1Zr alloy texture, which is an irregular truncated cone.