The cracks in flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) cannot naturally repair themselves during low-temperature operation, which significantly restricts their practical applications. Yet, the development of elastomers capable of self-repair at low temperatures has remained a formidable challenge. In this study, a dual dynamic cross-linking network using multiple hydrogen bonds and β-hydroxy esters is constructed to fabricate a fully bio-based elastomer known as PLMBE. This elastomer can be stretched up to an impressive 1200% of its original length and possesses a remarkable autonomous self-healing capability even under harsh conditions, including low temperatures (−10 °C, 12 h, with a 75% efficiency rate) and exposure to supercooled, high-concentration saline (10% NaCl solution at −10 °C, 12 h, with a 64% efficiency rate). These remarkable properties are attributed to the elastomer's low glass transition temperature (Tg) of −30 °C and the abundance of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular interactions. Importantly, this elastomer is highly suitable as a triboelectric layer for creating bio-based TENG (Bio-TENG) . These results demonstrate that Bio-TENG can achieve an impressive output power density of 2.4 W m−2, and the output voltage recovers up to 95% after self-healing at −10 °C. Consequently, these bio-based elastomers have promising applications in various fields, including energy storage devices.