Friction stir processing (FSP) was employed to enhance the mechanical properties of Zn-0.15Mg biodegradable alloys. The FSPed Zn-0.15Mg alloys exhibited a higher ultimate tensile strength of 164.1 MPa than the as-cast alloy. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of these alloys deviated from the traditional fine-grain strengthening. When assessing the mechanical properties of FSPed-Zn-0.15Mg alloys, it is crucial to evaluate the cleavage fracture unit or effective grain size thoroughly. The determination of the misorientation tolerance angle for the effective grain size (EGS) yielded a value of 25°. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to examine the impact of microstructure properties on the EGS with particular emphasis on texture.