Abstract The fluid pump was the key component of the formation tester; the pump cylinder, piston, and piston rod of the fluid pump often suffer from wear scratches and seal failure, which greatly reduces the service reliability of the instrument. To improve the wear resistance of the fluid pump, 17-4PH steel specimens were treated by boronizing at 750 °C for 20 h. Specimens with and without boronizing were studied by OM, SEM, XRD, microhardness test, and wear resistance test. Layers of about 60 μm thickness formed during boronization contain a mixture of FeB, CrB, and α(B)-Fe phases, which leads to a significant improvement in microhardness (from 336 to 980 HV) and wear rate (from 16.4 × 10 −5 mm 3/Nm to 3.3 × 10 −5 mm 3/Nm). The pump cylinder and the fluid-pump piston rod were boronized and assembled into the pumping module, which passed the indoor durability test for 90 h and did not show obvious surface wear after 60 h of field experience. For the first time, the boronization process extends the service time of the fluid pump, improving the wear resistance of the pump cylinder and piston rod. Keywords: boronizing; 17-4PH steel fluid pump; microstructure; wear; field experience