The enhancement of the mechanical properties of TiAl alloys through the introduction of a second-phase reinforcement is highly essential. In this paper, using graphite powder as a carbon source, the Ti 2AlC phase is introduced to improve the compression and friction properties of the TiAl alloy. Concurrently, the effects of graphite powder additions on the microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of Ti-45Al-8Nb- xC (mass%) alloys are investigated. The results show that as the volume fraction of Ti 2AlC and the interdendritic γ phase increases, the length–diameter ratio of the Ti 2AlC phase decreases with increases in the graphite powder addition. The addition of graphite powder results in a refining effect on the grain size and lamellar spacing of the Ti-45Al-8Nb- xC (mass%) alloys. As the graphite powder content increases from 0 to 0.9 mass%, the microhardness increases from 557 HV to 647 HV. The room-temperature compressive strength and strain of the Ti-45Al-8Nb- xC (mass%) alloys first increase and then decrease with the addition of graphite powder. Specifically, when the content of graphite powder is 0.6 mass%, the alloy exhibits a maximum compressive strength and strain of 1652 MPa and 22.2%, respectively. Compared with the alloy without the graphite powder addition, the compressive strength and strain are improved by 37.7% and 62.1%, respectively. The wear resistance of the alloys is improved through the addition of graphite powder and the wear rate decreases from 5.062 to 2.125 × 10 −4 mm 3·N −1·m −1 as the content of graphite powder increases from 0 to 0.9 mass%.