The study aimed to investigate the effects of wear parameters including impact energy, impact frequency, test time and their interactions on the impact wear characteristics of high chromium white iron (HCWI) and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) reinforced HCWI composites fabricated by squeeze casting method using response surface methodology (RSM). The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method was employed, and a linear model was developed to describe the relationship between wear loss and wear parameters, and to predict the wear behavior of the tested materials. The parameters of energy, frequency and test time were found to be statistically significant, and positively influencing the wear behavior. Specifically, test time emerged as the most influential factor, followed by energy and frequency. The wear characteristics of HCWI are primarily characterized by shallower ploughing and furrows, partial plastic deformation, surface spalling and inserted abrasives. In contrast, the predominant wear mechanisms for ZTA/HCWI composites include slight breaking of ZTA particles, ploughing and cutting of the metal matrix, breaking and falling of ZTA particles, broken abrasive particles encrusted into the matrix, and the formation of spalling pits.