The tribological properties of ZrO2 ceramic and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel rubbing pairs were investigated using a special tribotester under different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. The comparison analyses of the friction coefficients, worn volume rates, worn particles and surface roughness were conducted under the tested conditions. There were significant differences of the tribological properties of the rubbing pairs in the different concentrations H2O2 solution because of oxidation and corrosion. This research has revealed that the main wear mechanisms between the rubbing pairs are severe adhesive wear, abrasive wear and corrosive wear in the H2O2 solution with different concentrations. A model has been established to assess the most suitable concentration of the H2O2 solution for the tribological properties of the rubbing pairs. The result shows that 50% concentration of the H2O2 solution is the most suitable. The assessment result is consistent with the experimental result. It is believed that the knowledge gained in this study is useful for the optimization of the friction pairs in the extreme condition.